SCIENCE: Heat and Energy!

We have begun a new science unit on HEAT AND ENERGY.  Here are important vocabulary and concepts for your child to master.

HEAT ENERGY



Big Questions:

 How is heat produced?

How do different materials affect the transfer of thermal energy?

What tools do we use to measure temperature/

What are the types of thermometers?

How does insulation affect heating and cooling?



Vocabulary:



temperature – the measure of how hot or cold something is

thermometer – a tool used to measure temperature

Celsius – the metric scale for measuring temperature

Fahrenheit – the customary scale for measuring temperature

thermal energy – energy that moves particles in matter

heat – the movement of thermal energy from hotter to cooler objects

conduction – the movement of heat between objects that are touching each other

conductor – a material in which thermal energy can move easily

insulation – material used to slow the movement of heat

insulator – an object that does  not conduct heat well – thermal energy does not move well

friction – a force that keeps objects from moving freely and produces heat

conduction- how heat moves from molecule to molecule when objects touch

convection – how heat moves through liquid and gases

radiation – how heat moves through space from the sun

Concepts:

Rulers and thermometers are similar – they have equal divisions but thermometers use degrees.  Thermometers use the customary Fahrenheit scale and the metric Celsius scale.

Matter is made up of tiny moving particles.  The faster these particles move, the more thermal energy and object possesses.

Thermal energy moves from warmer objects to cooler ones.  This is why bathwater gets cooler over time.

Solids change to liquid then to gases when they are heated.

Liquid becomes solids at zero degrees C and 32 degrees F.

Liquid water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

Your body had adaptations that help it control its temperature – sweat, shivering

Friction, burning, the sun, some machines that use electricity, and mixing chemicals can produce thermal energy.

Burning – cars burn fuel. Stoves burn natural gas. People burn wood in a campfire.

Friction – objects rubbing together

mixing – chemical heat packs

electrical appliances – dryer, hair drier, toaster oven

sun – thermal panels